LONG-TERM CHANGES IN CONCENTRATION AND DEPOSITION OF ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY OVER SCANDINAVIA

Samples for measurements of total gaseous mercury (Hg) in air have bee n collected since 1980 in south-western part of Scandinavia, A collect ion program for precipitation samples used to determine changes in dep ositional fluxes of total Hg has been in operation since 1987. A compa rison of today's total gaseous Hg levels in air and the total Hg conce ntrations in precipitation with the ones found earlier, shows a clear decrease with time. At the Swedish west-coast, yearly average air conc entrations and median levels of 3.3 and 3.1 (1980-1984), 3.2 and 2.8 ( 1985-1989), and 2.7 and 2.6 ng Hg/m(3) (1990-1992), respectively, were found. Increased average and median winter concentrations were always found, with levels at 3.7 and 3.4, 3.7 and 3.3, and 3.0 and 2.7 ng Hg /m(3) for the respective time period. Higher winter values were expect ed due to increased anthropogenic emissions and changes in the mixing height of the atmosphere. The corresponding total wet deposition rates decreased from 27 (1987-1989) to 10 mu g Hg/m(2) yr. (1990-1999). A f inding of special interest was the decreased number of episodic events of high total gaseous Hg levels in air, from 1990 and further on. In addition, the frequency distribution of the concentrations of Hg in ai r seems to be different for these years compared to the other two time periods. A frequency distribution of air concentrations of Hg more re sembling a normal distribution was found for the years 1990 to 1992. T he decrease of the atmospheric burden of total gaseous Hg and depositi on of total Hg are most probably connected to lower emissions in sourc e areas on the European continent. It seems logical to state that the problem of high Hg depositional fluxes to Scandinavia, is best solved by abatement strategies on the regional scale.