HYDRODYNAMICS AND MASS-TRANSFER IN A 4-PHASE EXTERNAL LOOP AIR LIFE BIOREACTOR

An external loop air lift reactor (ELALR) was developed and designed f or continuous production and extraction of extracellular secondary met abolites by immobilized Frangula alnus Mill. plant cells. This system was considered as a four-phase system, with dispersed gas, nonaqueous liquid solvent, and calcium alginate particles in water or Murashige a nd Skoog medium. Analysis of the four-phase ELALR revealed the influen ce of gas, solvent, calcium alginate particles and MS medium compositi on on gas and solvent holdup, liquid circulation velocity, mixing in a queous liquid phase, and mass transfer coefficients of oxygen and plan t cell product. It was shown that the gas holdup appears to be the pri ncipal variable determining the properties of the four-phase system. A n unified correlation for the gas holdup, based on drift flux flow in a three-phase system, has been extended to the four-phase system. Bubb le size and bubble size distribution observed in the bubbly flow regim e were the same in water as in the MS medium system (Sauter mean diame ter 2.5 mm). Consequently, gas holdup and all related parameters, such as liquid circulation velocity, oxygen mass transfer coefficient, and axial Liquid dispersion in MS medium, were similar to those in water for the four-phase system.