STATURE AND STATURE DISTRIBUTION IN RECENT WEST-GERMAN AND HISTORIC SAMPLES OF ITALIAN AND DUTCH CONSCRIPTS

Based on the standard for the natural distribution of stature obtained from 11,851,168 West German conscripts (born in 1938-1971), stature a nd stature distribution were investigated in historic samples of Itali an (born 1854-1963) and Dutch (drafts of 1863-1970) conscripts. Both s tature and stature distribution in the historic Italian and Dutch samp les showed a variety of characteristic deviations from the natural sta ture distribution of the modern populations, which strongly suggest th at there are at least two developmental periods that are sensitive to socioeconomic events with regard to final stature. Environmental disas ters during pregnancy and the first year of life lead to a ubiquitous reduction of mean stature in the total cohort affected. This is obviou s in Italians born in 1945, who are 3.7 mm shorter than those born in 1944, and 7.9 mm shorter than those born in 1946. An even stronger sup pression of final stature by more than 12 mm is obvious in Italians bo rn in 1899 and 1900. Stature distribution, however, is influenced by e nvironmental factors during adolescence. Particularly small persons be come numerous during periods of war and economic depression. This is e vident in the 19th century Dutch and Italian samples, and during the e arly 1920s. Changes in developmental tempo seem unlikely to cause thes e effects. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.