Acanthosyris asipapote, a new species from the vicinity of Santa Cruz,
Bolivia, is described and illustrated. It is most similar to A. paulo
-alvinii Barroso, known only from the state of Bahia, Brazil, but diff
ers by leaf characters, pilose filaments, and smaller seeds. A key to
the five woody genera and nine species of Santalaceae in South America
is provided. Cervantesia, Jodina, and Myoschilos are probably monotyp
ic; Santalum (in South America) has a single species, and Acanthosyris
has five species.