The history of ion exchange is marked by many important milestones, no
tably the development of novel polymeric materials and considerable ad
vances in our understanding of the underlying fundamental principles.
Separately, there have been major advances in the design and developme
nt of the apparatus and equipment required to perform industrial ion e
xchange processes in a wide range of modern applications. This paper r
eviews the progress that has been made during the latter part of the t
wentieth century.