One of the classical animal model systems in the study of important ca
rdiovascular diseases, such as septic shock is that of swine. Importan
t mediators of such disease states are different cytokines, among them
tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and beta (TNF-beta). This rev
iew aims to summarize the current knowledge about the primary structur
e and the regulation of the porcine TNF genes, as well as methods used
to measure their respective proteins.