NEW ACTIVE SURFACE AGENTS SYNTHESIZED FROM D-GLUCOSE - DETERMINATION OF HYDROPHILIC LIPOPHILIC BALANCE BY BOTH DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT AND EMULSIFICATION METHODS - HYDROPHILIC LIPOPHILIC BALANCE CORRELATIONS

We studied a new non-ionic surfactant series of twenty four D-glucose amphiphilic derivatives corresponding to the type 3-Z-R-1,2-O-isopropy lidene-alpha-D-glucofuranose (group I) and the type 3-ZR-D-glucopyrano se (group II) in which Z = OCO, O; S and R = CnH2n+1, with 7 less than or equal to n less than or equal to 18. Critical micellar concentrati ons in water, at 25 degrees C, were arranged from 2.10(-6) to 4.10(-5) Mol/l for group I compounds and from 4.10(-5) to 2.10(-4) Mol/l for g roup II compounds. Hydrophilic/lipophilic balances were determined by measuring the dielectric ic constant or by preparing stable emulsions with a co-surfactant. The first method gave some incoherent results wi th respect to the structural parameters, whereas the second method sho wed a good linear relationship between hydrophilic/lipophilic balance values and the number of carbon atoms of the R chain, with group I slo pe value twice as high as group II. The last method also gives a fair correlation between hydrop hilic/lipophilic balances and critical mice llar concentration values over the twenty-four compounds of groups I a nd II.