This paper analyses the demand by manufacturers in Scotland and South
East England for key strategic business services during the three year
s 1988-1990(1) within the framework of the flexible firm paradigm. A s
eries of hypotheses concerning the demand for business services is dev
eloped and tested. Evidence suggests that expansion of demand is the p
rimary cause of increasing business service output and not restructuri
ng strategies as predicted by the flexible firm model. Both externalis
ation and internalisation of business services are occurring simultane
ously; the net balance is consistent with a marginal trend towards ver
tical integration in manufacturing and a stronger one in business serv
ices. (C) 1995 Academic Press Limited