J. Stokes, LOW-FLOW AND CLOSED-CIRCUIT ANESTHESIA IN AUSTRALASIA - MONITORING AND OTHER PERSPECTIVES, ACP. Applied cardiopulmonary pathophysiology, 5, 1995, pp. 75-81
Closed circuit and low flow anesthesia is not the predominant techniqu
e in Australasia. This is for a variety of reasons including anestheti
c training, safety, equipment availability and perceived difficulties.
The theoretical advantages of low flow and closed techniques for anes
thesia are at present not sufficient to alter practices that have been
well accepted for many years.