H. Hashiguchi et al., DIURNAL-VARIATIONS OF THE PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER OBSERVED WITH AN L-BAND CLEAR-AIR DOPPLER RADAR, Boundary - layer meteorology, 74(4), 1995, pp. 419-424
Based on continuous observations of the planetary boundary layer (PBL)
with an L-band (1357.5 MHz) boundary-layer radar (BLR) at a hilly loc
ation in Japan, we have discovered that on clear days, a thin enhanced
echo layer corresponding to the top of the PBL (or mixed layer) appea
red at about 500 m height in the morning and ascended to about 1500 m
in the afternoon. Strong upward velocities were observed below the ech
o layer (or inside the PBL), reaching 1500 m in the afternoon.