K. Hayatleh et al., DEGRADATION MECHANISMS IN OPERATIONAL-AMPLIFIER PRECISION RECTIFIERS, IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. 1, Fundamental theory andapplications, 42(8), 1995, pp. 479-485
Two principal degradation mechanisms that are generally present in op-
amp precision rectifiers have been studied in detail. The process of r
ectification increases the spectral content, and subsequent band-limit
ed signal processing causes a ''loss in depth'' at the zero-crossings.
The second source of degradation is caused by diode feedback nonlinea
rity effects that cause the op-amp to become open-loop, and this resul
ts in a missing segment in the final output. Total harmonic distortion
is an inadequate figure of merit to quantify these two effects, and s
o an alternative is presented.