An outline of the theory of X-ray absorption as applied to X-ray absor
ption spectroscopy is given, concentrating on EXAFS, showing how struc
tural parameters are contained within the theory. A full description o
f the scattering problem and of inelastic effects is also included, an
d a description is given of how structural information may be extracte
d from experimental data. The emphasis is on curve-fitting methods, in
cluding those techniques which allow the inclusion of external constra
ints.