The methods of SEM ''apparatus'' tomography for layer-by-layer reconst
ruction of composition, electrical and optical properties are discusse
d. It is shown that the energy dispersive detection of backscattering
electrons or the study of the dependence of the backscattering coeffic
ient on primary electron energy can be considered as examples of such
methods. It is shown that the methods of modulated CL and modulated EB
IC allow to reconstruct the depth distribution of electrical and optic
al properties in semiconductor structures. The depth resolution of all
methods discussed can achieve 10 nm.