I. Ippolito et al., GRANULAR TEMPERATURE - EXPERIMENTAL-ANALYSIS, Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics, 52(2), 1995, pp. 2072-2075
The concept of granular temperature, introduced in the kinetic theory
of rapid granular flow, is discussed here from experiments on a large
air blowing table. Essentially, because granular systems are dissipati
ve, the ''temperature'' is dependent on particle mass. This leads to a
lack of equipartition. Then, granular temperature cannot be defined.