We report the first case of peritoneal dialysis catheter-associated Li
steria peritonitis immediately following cadaveric renal transplantati
on. Six cases of this have been reported in the literature, none of wh
ich occurred following transplantation. Contrary to the favorable outc
ome in nontransplant cases, our patient succumbed to the infection, pr
esumably as a result of more profound immunosuppression.