PROBABILITY COMPUTATIONS ARE USED to characterize new periodontal diag
nostic tests and are an integral facet of risk assessment for periodon
tal diseases. However, misinterpretation of these data can result in c
onfusion and erroneous conclusions regarding the relationship of test
results to the presence or absence of disease in a subject, or to epis
odes of periodontal destruction at specific sites. This paper was writ
ten to provide clinicians with a primer to help in understanding calcu
lations used to evaluate diagnostic tests and risk assessment.