H. Yoshioka et Y. Suzumura, PROPERTIES OF FLUCTUATIONS IN 2 COUPLED CHAINS OF LUTTINGER LIQUIDS, Journal of low temperature physics, 106(1-2), 1997, pp. 49-72
Two chains of Luttinger liquids coupled by both interchain hopping and
interchain interaction are investigated A degeneracy of two kinds of
dominant states with in phase and out of phase ordering in the absence
of the hopping is removed since the transverse fluctuation of charge
density is completely gapful and that of spin density has two kinds of
excitation with and without gap. The crucial effect of the interchain
hopping on the electronic properties is studied by calculating suscep
tibilities.