This paper presents the findings of a longitudinal study over an eight
year period of information system sophistication and evolution in eig
hteen small firms. The focus is on changes that have occurred with res
pect to hardware, end user computing, and computer utilization. The pa
per identifies three areas of concern for small firm computing: inadeq
uate hardware and software, lack of internal technical expertise, and
insufficient attention by management to IS. Implications for managers
and directions for future research are discussed.