BIOTHERAPY OF CANCER - PERSPECTIVES OF IMMUNOTHERAPY AND GENE-THERAPY

Prospects for a new biologically based strategy of cancer treatment ar e being discussed. While physically and chemically based therapies, su ch as radio- and chemotherapy, are not directed against cancer tissue only and have a suppressive effect on the immune system, immunotherapy and gene therapy, which are discussed here, try to be more selective and to stimulate rather than suppress antitumor immune mechanisms. On the basis of personal experience with these new technologies, good fut ure prospects are predicted for the application of cancer vaccines and immune T lymphocytes for active specific immunization (ASI) and adopt ive immunotherapy (ADI) respectively. While ASI strategies aim at micr ometastases being affected by activated host immune T cells, and might find a place for postoperative adjuvant treatment in high-risk cancer patients, cellular therapies such as ADI do not require an intact hos t immune system and could therefore also find application in advanced stages of disease. In spite of the exciting new perspectives of immuno - and gene therapy for the cancer patient, this therapy is not yet a d efined discipline and requires years of further research.