GENDER STEREOTYPES ARE NOT ACCURATE - A REPLICATION OF MARTIN (1987) USING DIAGNOSTIC VS SELF-REPORT AND BEHAVIORAL CRITERIA

Women and men (58 females and 42 males) reported whether they possess each of several stereotypic and neutral traits (self-report criterion) and recorded the percentage of each gender they believed display each trait (diagnostic). Observations of subjects (57 males and 49 females ) discussing controversial topics yielded the behavioral criterion. (A pproximately 81% of the total sample was European-American, 8% African -American, 2% Hispanic, 1% Asian, and the remainder of ''other'' ethni city.) Gender differences were larger and more inaccurate in stereotyp es (diagnostic) than in ''reality'' (self-report criterion), but behav ioral criterion results were mixed. Difficulties in specifying criteri a for ''actual differences,'' including behavioral criteria, and recen t work related to C. L. Martin's [(1987) ''A Ratio Measure of Gender S tereotyping,'' Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 52, pp. 489-499] paradigm (and results) are considered. Implications of re sults for the importance of replication and for research on accuracy o f stereotypes are also discussed.