Bp. Allen, GENDER STEREOTYPES ARE NOT ACCURATE - A REPLICATION OF MARTIN (1987) USING DIAGNOSTIC VS SELF-REPORT AND BEHAVIORAL CRITERIA, Sex roles, 32(9-10), 1995, pp. 583-600
Women and men (58 females and 42 males) reported whether they possess
each of several stereotypic and neutral traits (self-report criterion)
and recorded the percentage of each gender they believed display each
trait (diagnostic). Observations of subjects (57 males and 49 females
) discussing controversial topics yielded the behavioral criterion. (A
pproximately 81% of the total sample was European-American, 8% African
-American, 2% Hispanic, 1% Asian, and the remainder of ''other'' ethni
city.) Gender differences were larger and more inaccurate in stereotyp
es (diagnostic) than in ''reality'' (self-report criterion), but behav
ioral criterion results were mixed. Difficulties in specifying criteri
a for ''actual differences,'' including behavioral criteria, and recen
t work related to C. L. Martin's [(1987) ''A Ratio Measure of Gender S
tereotyping,'' Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 52,
pp. 489-499] paradigm (and results) are considered. Implications of re
sults for the importance of replication and for research on accuracy o
f stereotypes are also discussed.