Pulverised fuel ash (PFA) applied at an application rate of 8.3% by we
ight, incorporated by ploughing to a badly compacted minespoil was sho
wn to reduce bulk density significantly over a one year period. A seco
nd ameliorative treatment with 4.8% PFA, and a third treatment with pl
oughing alone both reduced bulk density after four months, but by twel
ve months displayed no statistically significant differences in bulk d
ensity compared to an untreated control.