Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second commonest dementia after Alzheim
er's disease (AD). Epidemiological studies of this condition suffer fr
om many shortcomings related to definition of the disease, diagnostic
criteria and assessment of subjects. The prevalence of VaD increases l
inearly with age and varies greatly from country to country, ranging f
rom 1.2 to 4.2% of people over 65 years old, even after adjustment for
age and sex. The incidence of VaD is more homogeneous than prevalence
and is estimated at 6-12 cases per 1,000 persons over 70 years per ye
ar. The mean duration of the disease is around 5 years and survival is
less than for the general population and for AD. The major risk facto
rs for VaD appear to be hypertension, diabetes, heart disease and stro
ke. Although some of these risk factors are modifiable, there is no st
udy on efficacy of prevention of VaD.