Actinomycosis has to be included in the differential diagnosis of retr
operitoneal masses especially when surrounding tissue is infiltrated.
We present a 40 year old male patient with the rare manifestation of r
etroperitoneal actinomycosis. The definitive treatment consisted of su
rgical drainage and long-term penicillin therapy resulting in complete
healing, Special features in clinical symptomatology and problems con
cerning diagnosis of actinomycosis are discussed.