DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A SMALL-VOLUME SONOVOLTAMMETRIC CELL

A small volume (15-20 ml) sonovoltammetric cell in which the working e lectrode is positioned in the centre of the cavitational plume below t he microtip of a sonic horn probe is described. The influence of param eters such as the sonic horn-electrode separation and the ultrasound p ower on the performance characteristics is specified for electrodes of various geometries and sizes. Minimization of the ultrasonically intr oduced noise in voltammograms is achieved by accumulating and averagin g sonovoltammetric scans. In addition, it is shown that low concentrat ions of electroactive species can be determined applying single sweep sonovoltammetry. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.