Dn. Christodoulides et Mi. Carvalho, BRIGHT, DARK, AND GRAY SPATIAL SOLITON STATES IN PHOTOREFRACTIVE MEDIA, Journal of the Optical Society of America. B, Optical physics, 12(9), 1995, pp. 1628-1633
A theory based on the Kukhtarev-Vinetskii model is developed that prov
ides the evolution equation of one-dimensional optical spatial soliton
s in photorefractive media. In the steady-state regime and under appro
priate external bias conditions, our analysis indicates that the under
lying wave equation can exhibit bright and dark as well as gray spatia
l soliton states. The characteristics of these self-trapped optical be
ams are discussed in detail. (C) 1995 Optical Society of America