PROTEOSOMES, EMULSOMES, AND CHOLERA-TOXIN-B IMPROVE NASAL IMMUNOGENICITY OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS GP160 IN MICE - INDUCTION OF SERUM, INTESTINAL, VAGINAL, AND LUNG IGA AND IGG

Intranasal immunization of mice with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV ) rgp160 complexed to proteosomes improved anti-gp160 serum IgA and Ig G titers, increased the number of gp160 peptides recognized, and stimu lated anti-gp160 intestinal IgA compared with immunization with uncomp lexed rgp160 in saline, These enhanced responses were especially evide nt when either a bioadhesive nanoemulsion (emulsomes) or cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) was added to the proteosome-rgp160 vaccine, Furthermo re, anti-gp160 Ige and IgA in vaginal secretions and fecal extracts we re induced after intranasal immunization with proteosome-rgp160 delive red either in saline or with emulsomes, Formulation of uncomplexed rgp 160 with emulsomes or CTB also enhanced serum and selected mucosal IgA responses, Induction of serum, vaginal, bronchial, intestinal, and fe cal IgA and IgG by intranasal proteosome-rgp160 vaccines delivered in saline or with emulsomes or CTB is encouraging for mucosal vaccine dev elopment to help control the spread of HIV transmission and AIDS.