New technology for near net shape casting was developed in Sumitomo Me
tal Industries. This technology is called tundish-mold connected casti
ng. The soft cooling mold using ceramics was applied in order to preve
nt the solidified shell formation at the triple point. By this technol
ogy, small size billets or slabs have no surface defects, e.g. ''withd
rawal mark'' and ''hot tear''.