BREAST-CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS VIA LINEAR-PROGRAMMING

Two medical applications of linear programming are described in this p aper. Specifically, linear programming-based machine learning techniqu es are used to increase the accuracy and objectivity of breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The first application to breast cancer diagno sis utilizes characteristics of individual cells, obtained from a mini mally invasive fine needle aspirate, to discriminate benign from malig nant breast lumps. This allows an accurate diagnosis without the need for a surgical biopsy. The diagnostic system in current operation at U niversity of Wisconsin Hospitals was trained on samples from 569 patie nts and has had 100% chronological correctness in diagnosing 131 subse quent patients. The second application, recently put into clinical pra ctice, is a method that constructs a surface that predicts when breast cancer is likely to recur in patients that have had their cancers exc ised. This gives the physician and the patient better information with which to plan treatment, and may eliminate the need for a prognostic surgical procedure. The novel feature of the predictive approach is th e ability to handle cases for which cancer has not recurred (censored data) as well as cases for which cancer has recurred at a specific tim e. The prognostic system has an expected error of 13.9 to 18.3 months, which is better than prognosis correctness by other available techniq ues.