On the wing of the moth Trichoplusia orichalcea a prominent, apparentl
y highly reflective, golden spot can be seen. Scales from this area of
the wing exhibit a regular microstructure resembling a submicrometer
herringbone pattern. We show that a diffraction process from this stru
cture is responsible for the observed optical properties, such as dire
ctionality, brightness variations, polarization, and color.