Synchrotron-radiation sources have become, since the late 1960's, one
of the fundamental experimental tools for surface and interface resear
ch. Only recently, however, a related type of photon sources - the fre
e-electron lasers (FELs) - has begun to make important contributions t
o this field. For example, FELs have been used to reach unprecedented
levels of accuracy and reliability in measuring semiconductor interfac
e energy barriers. We review some of the present and proposed experime
nts that are made possible by the unmatched brightness and broad tunab
ility of infrared FELs. Practical examples discussed in the review are
supplied by our own programs at the Vanderbilt Free-Electron Laser. W
e also briefly analyze the possible future development of FELs and of
their applications to surface and interface research, in particular, t
he possibility of x-ray FELs.