Sj. Mckelvie, EFFECTS OF ENCODING OPERATIONS ON RECOGNITION MEMORY FOR UPRIGHT AND INVERTED FACES, Australian journal of psychology, 48(2), 1996, pp. 75-85
Using a yes/no task in which distracters were closely matched to targe
ts, three experiments examined the effect of encoding operations on re
cognition memory for upright and inverted faces. Correct recognition f
or targets (hits) was lower on inverted than on upright faces. However
, the decline was smaller for feature than for trait judgments or for
expression judgments (Experiment 1), for feature than for trait judgme
nts (Experiment 2), and for feature than for global judgments (Experim
ent 3). These findings suggest that faces are primarily encoded in ter
ms of isolated components with feature judgments, and in terms of conf
igural information (spatial information among features) with trait, ex
pression, and global judgments.