The structure of highly oriented samples of linear PE, prepared by ori
netational crystallization and orientaional drawing in a continuous re
gime, was studied by scanning electron microscopy. A marked difference
between the structures of orientation-crystallized samples and sample
s prepared by two-stage orientational drawing was revealed. A certain
correlation between the development of polymer structure and changes i
n mechanical properties associated with polymer orientation was establ
ished. The mechanism for the development and localization of structura
l defects was advanced.