Electron energy loss inner shell near edge structures within about 30
eV of threshold can give information on charge redistribution, conduct
ion band changes, coordination and structure changes on a local scale.
A theoretical understanding is necessary to go beyond empirical rules
based on fingerprinting. All approaches to near edge structure calcul
ation in solids are derived from various band theory methods with vary
ing degrees of approximation. There is a place for theories based on s
imple physical ideas as well as large sophisticated calculations. In m
any oxides estimates of the number of peaks and their positions can be
based on an extension of single scattering EXAFS theory to include st
rong second order intrashell scattering. These effects will be illustr
ated in MgO and NiO. In other cases it is necessary to use band struct
ure calculations to give either projected densities of states or wave
functions from which matrix elements can be calculated directly. Examp
les of this approach will show results of calculations for Si, diamond
and SiC using the Cambridge plane wave pseudopotential code (CASTEP).