En. Schulman et Rc. White, DETERMINING ACTIVATION-ENERGIES AND RELAXATION-TIMES OF INDIVIDUAL ELECTRON TRAPS BY SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY, Physical review. B, Condensed matter, 52(11), 1995, pp. 7864-7867
A method of determining the activation energies and relaxation times o
f electron traps is presented. The technique is applicable to traps ac
ross a broad bandwidth of switching frequencies, and can be easily aut
omated. Examples are given, demonstrating precise determination of act
ivation energy by scanning tunneling microscopy.