THE EVALUATION AND TREATMENT OF NEUROLEPTIC-INDUCED MOVEMENT-DISORDERS

Tardive dyskinesia, tardive akathisia, and tardive dystonia are review ed from a clinical perspective. The evaluation of each syndrome is dis cussed, and its clinical presentation and course are illustrated with case vignettes. Drugs used in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia are presented, with greater emphasis on the more recently introduced thera pies such as clozapine and vitamin E. Although effective treatments re main elusive, neuroleptic-induced movement disorders can be managed sa tisfactorily in the majority of clinical situations. Algorithms are pr esented to outline treatment approaches for mild and moderate/severe t ardive dyskinesia.