Multi-modality therapy for acute ischaemic stroke is an emerging conce
pt stimulated by the existing vacuum in stroke treatment and an increa
sing understanding of the ischaemic cascade. Experimental studies have
shown that infarct size can be reduced more by combinations of reperf
usion and neuroprotective strategies than by either one alone. An opti
mal combination regimen remains to be determined, but will probably ta
rget several sequential events occurring after ischaemia. Many logisti
c hurdles must be overcome before multimodality therapy can be properl
y tested in clinical trials. This will require a combination of pragma
tism, adherence to scientific principles, and international cooperatio
n among clinic investigators.