Many leading health economists hold misconceived ideas about central c
omponents of their work. In particular, they assume that their methods
are in principle value-neutral. This belief is demonstrably false. He
alth economic investigations incorporate mainly unexpressed theories o
f health. Unless this fact is recognised health economics will shortly
reach a conceptual and practical dead end. The way to avoid this dead
end is to express implicit theories of health, and explicitly to base
philosophically and economically justifiable policy proposals on them
.