PEPTIDE DESIGN - STRUCTURAL EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL NONHELICAL SEGMENTS ATTACHED TO HELICAL MODULES

The conformations of three decapeptides containing a helical heptapept ide module attached to a potentially helix destabilizing tripeptide se gment have been investigated in single crystals. X-ray diffraction stu dies of the sequence Boc-Gly-Dpg-Xxx-Val-Ala-Leu-Aib-Val-Ala-Leu-OMe ( Xxx = Leu (1), Pro (2), and Ala (3); Dpg alpha,alpha-di-n-propylglycin e; Aib = alpha-aminoisobutyric acid) reveal helical conformations for the segment 2-9 in all three peptides. In 1 and 2 Gly(1) is not accomm odated in the right-handed helix and adopts a left-handed helical conf ormation with positive phi, psi values. The terminal blocking group ex tends away from the helix in 1 and 2. In 3 the helix is continuous, en compassing residues 1-9. The Dpg residues in all three cases adopt hel ical conformations, even when flanked by two helix destabilizing resid ues as in 2. These findings suggest that the higher alpha,alpha-dialky l residues are good helix promoters although theoretical calculations suggest the existence of a pronounced energy minimum in fully extended regions of conformational space. None of the peptides pack efficientl y. The register between helices in the head-to-tail region is not good , with disordered water molecules serving as hydrogen bond bridges and as space fillers. The crystallographic parameters follow. 1: Xxx = Le u, C54H98N10O13. 2H(2)O . C3H7OH, P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 16.399(3) Angstro m, b = 18.634(3) Angstrom, c = 23.241(4) Angstrom. 2: Xxx = Pro, C53H9 4N10O13. xH(2)O, P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 16.468(4) Angstrom, b = 18.071(4) Angstrom, c = 23.397(5) Angstrom. 3: Xxx = Ala, C51H92N10O13. xH(2)O, P2(1)2(1)2, a = 19.289(7) Angstrom, b = 35.950(12) Angstrom, c = 9.570 (3) Angstrom.