HUMAN LUNG-VOLUME, ALVEOLAR SURFACE-AREA, AND CAPILLARY LENGTH

We compare the effectiveness of morphometric methods for estimating lu ng parameters. Various stereological methods are applied on human lung s and described in detail. The lung volume was estimated by Cavalieri' s principle and by fluid displacement. Both methods are reliable, but Cavalieri's principle is superior when systematic sections are needed or when volumes of parts of the lung are wanted. Point counting demons trated that 87.5% of the lung is parenchyma, 5.4% is vessel volume, an d 7.1% is bronchia volume. Alveolar surface was estimated on vertical and isotropic uniform random tissue (IUR) sections. The capillary leng th and length density was estimated on projected images of vertical sl ices (Gokhale method) and on IUR sections. Only minute differences wer e found whether IUR sections or vertical sections were used. Of the to tal variation, approximately 2% was due to the stereological variation and approximately 98% was due to the biological variation on IUR sect ions and vertical sections. Estimates for volumes, surfaces, and lengt hs coming from model-based and design-based methods gave similar resul ts far human lungs. In our hands, the design-based methods were easier to use and required less time. However, only the design-based methods offer the guarantee of an unbiased estimate. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc .