CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM AND PHOSPHORUS IN THE NUTRITION OF THE NEWBORN

Several factors have been suggested to contribute to inadequate bone m ineralization in infants. Calcium and phosphorus intakes in preterm in fants are below the intrauterine accretion rates. Calcium retention is influenced by the types of calcium salts used and by alterations in d ietary phosphorus, fat and carbohydrates. Dietary intakes of vitamin D , and modifications in the protein base of infant formula, e.g., soy b ase vs cow milk base, may impact bone mineralization. The major hormon al mechanisms involved in the regulation of bone mineralization are pa rathyroid hormone, calcitonin and vitamin D. From recent animal studie s, it has been suggested that parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTH -rp) may also play a role in perinatal calcium homeostasis.