Biopsy samples from the uterine cervix account for a significant perce
ntage of the routine caseload encountered in surgical pathology. This
article highlights some controversial topics, including microinvasive
squamous cell carcinoma and early (microinvasive) adenocarcinoma. A va
riety of distinctive malignant neoplasms and certain benign ''tumor-li
ke'' conditions that may be confused with malignancy are reviewed. Fin
ally, the recently introduced large loop excision of the transformatio
n,zone (LLETZ) biopsy technique is briefly discussed.