In this paper the distinctive experiences of the Irish in prison are e
xplored against the background of gradual moves towards peace talks fo
llowing the Downing Street Declaration. It is argued that any success
in the development of the peace process could, and should, be matched
by a reduction in the emphasis on high security accommodation in the p
rison system raising the possibility of a return to the options recomm
ended by the Control Review Committee in 1984. On the basis of qualita
tive data the experiences of 'terrorists' or 'political' prisoners are
compared with those of 'ordinary decent criminals' and with represent
atives of the latter whom British criminal justice had mistaken for th
e former. Perceptions that Irish prisoners enjoy closer family relatio
nships but experience greater supervision and control measures than no
n-Irish prisoners receive some confirmation from the statistical analy
sis of questionnaire responses and a comparison of matched pairs of pr
isoners.