M. Thursby et al., NEURAL CONTROL OF SMART ELECTROMAGNETIC STRUCTURES, IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems, 31(4), 1995, pp. 1341-1347
Smart electromagnetic structures (SEMS) are capable of interacting wit
h the surrounding electromagnetic field and responding to it. A system
is ''smart'' when it integrates sensing, processing, and control elem
ents (e.g., antennas, mural networks, diodes) in an autonomous manner.
A SEMS capable of tuning frequency autonomously is described. Data ar
e presented showing that the system can extend the useale bandwidth of
a microstrip patch antenna in a frequency hop environment to more tha
n twice the static value.