Kk. Schutte et al., DEPRESSION AND DRINKING BEHAVIOR AMONG WOMEN AND MEN - A 3-WAVE LONGITUDINAL-STUDY OF OLDER ADULTS, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 63(5), 1995, pp. 810-822
This 3-wave longitudinal study analyzed latent variable cross-lagged m
odels of the relation between depressive symptoms and drinking behavio
r separately for 621 late-middle-aged women and 951 late-middle-aged m
en. Time lags of 1 and 3 years were used. Among women, heavier alcohol
consumption predicted less depressive symptomatology 1 and 3 years la
ter, whereas among men, having more depressive symptoms predicted less
alcohol consumption later on. Including cross-temporal paths in the w
omen's depression-drinking problems model did not provide a significan
t improvement over hypothesizing no cross-temporal effects. Among men,
however, having more drinking problems was associated with fewer depr
essive symptoms 3 years later. These findings were robust in follow-up
analyses controlling for the effects of socioeconomic and health stat
us.