INVESTIGATIONS RELATED TO THE INCORPORATION OF CA2+ IONS INTO THE BATIO3 LATTICE

Dependence of the composition of (100-x) BaTiO3 + xCaTiSiO(5) precurso r (x = 2-16 mol%) mixtures on calcination temperature was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The formation of a secondary phase, fresnoite (Ba2TiSi2O8), starts at about 900 degrees C. The resulting Ba and O vacancies and the produced microstress stabilize the pseudocubic phase of BaTiO3 at room tempera ture. Temperatures higher than 1200 degrees C are necessary to incorpo rate Ca ions into the BaTiO3 crystals forming (Ba,Ca)TiO3 solid soluti ons. As a result the lattice becomes free of tension and the BaTiO3 ba sed ceramics transform into thermodynamically stable tetragonal phases at room temperature.