As more about pathophysiology of traumatic-ischemic brain injury becom
es known, more effective means for pharmacologic intervention and neur
onal salvage will emerge, and optimisim is high that improvements in f
unctional survival will continue. This article discusses the preventio
n and treatment of the secondary injury that follows the traumatic ins
ult because this offers the best chance for improving current methods
for enhancing neurologic recovery subsequent to a penetrating brain in
jury. The current and most potentially rewarding avenues for intervent
ion in the head-injured patient are discussed.