M. Takenaka et al., EVALUATION OF ULTRATRACE METALLIC IMPURITIES IN THIN COPPER LAYERS, BARRIER METALS AND SILICON-WAFERS FOR COPPER METALLIZATION TECHNOLOGY, JPN J A P 2, 35(12B), 1996, pp. 1628-1630
An analytical method for the determination of ultratrace concentration
s of metals in several semiconductor-related related materials for cop
per metallization technology such as thin Cu layers, barrier metals an
d silicon wafers has been developed. Using this method, the concentrat
ion of Cu impurities in Si wafers resulting from diffusion of Cu from
Cu metallization layers through barrier layers of TiN, TiSiN, or WSiN
was found to be less than 10(12) atoms/cm(3).