R. Kallenbach et al., CHARGE-EXCHANGE OF B, C, O, AL, SI, S, F AND CL PASSING THROUGH THIN CARBON FOILS AT LOW ENERGIES - FORMATION OF NEGATIVE-IONS, Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms, 103(2), 1995, pp. 111-116
We experimentally investigate charge exchange of ions passing through
thin carbon foils of 1.1-10 mu g/cm(2) thickness at incident energies
from 0.5 to 5 keV/u. We extend our semi-empirical model presented in e
arlier papers to describe the final charge state fractions for element
s which form negative ions when emerging from thin carbon foils.