In the debate of Max Weber's analysis of modern capitalism it is fairl
y often overlooked that he proposed two theses: one on the cultural si
gnificance of ascetic Protestantism for the spirit of modern capitalis
m and one on the non-ethical character of established capitalism as a
system. In view of the fact that for the successor states of the forme
r Soviet empire the establishment of a rational capitalist system is c
rucial and that among Western theorists there is a tendency to call fo
r a remoralization of the established capitalist market economy, a rei
nterpretation of these theses seems to be in order. In this essay an a
ttempt is made to show in which way Weber differentiated the relations
hip between ethics and capitalism. His view seems to be relevant for t
he current debate.