ULTRASOUND-GUIDED COMPRESSION OF IATROGENIC FEMORAL PSEUDOANEURYSM FAILURE, RECURRENCE, AND LONG-TERM RESULTS

Purpose: Iatrogenic femoral pseudoaneurysms (IFP) have traditionally b een treated surgically. Recently, this common problem has been success fully treated without operation by use of ultrasound-guided compressio n (UGC) to induce thrombosis of the false aneurysm cavity, but the ris k factors for failure and the long-term outcome have not been defined. Methods: All patients referred to the vascular laboratory from June 1 992 to November 1994 whose femoral pseudoaneurysms were treated by UGC were included in the study. Data were collected prospectively during the last 18 months of the study. Data regarding the location and morph ologic characteristics of the pseudoaneurysms and anticoagulation stat us were documented. Patients who had successful UGC underwent follow-u p duplex scanning and ankle-brachial arterial pressure evaluations. Re sults: Fifty-seven patients with IFP were treated with UGC over a 30-m onth period; the last 34 were evaluated prospectively. UGC was success ful at obliterating the false aneurysm cavity with the initial attempt in 47 (83%). Thrombosis of seven additional pseudoaneurysms was achie ved on subsequent UGC attempts for an overall success rate of 95%. Rec urrent false aneurysms were noted in two patients 2 and 10 days after initially successful UGC. Both were treated successfully with repeat U GC. Multivariate analysis of 14 variables revealed heparin anticoagula tion (chi-square 9.025, p = 0.001) as the only significant risk factor for failure of UGC. There were no episodes of arterial thrombosis, em bolization, or femoral nerve injury associated with UGC. Temporary occ lusion of femoral artery during UGC and compression intervals of 20 mi nutes were well tolerated. Long-term follow-up from 30 to 400 days aft er UGC was available in 36 patients. There was no late recurrence or s ignificant change in ankle-brachial pressures (p > 0.05). Conclusion: UGC is a safe and effective treatment for most catheter-induced femora l pseudoaneurysms with a low complication rate and excellent long-term results at a cost substantially lower than operative treatment. Becau se the natural history of IFP is unpredictable, UGC appears to be the preferred treatment for all IFPs persisting after cessation of heparin anticoagulation.